Materials science is the driving force by which modern technologies overcome current challenges in the fields of energy, health, and environment. This is made possible by exploiting the mechanical, electric, magnetic and optical properties of manufactured materials. Thus the constant human quest for invention gave birth to new methods of preparing and characterizing new materials, which led to the recent revolution of nanocomposites. Despite the massive progress in materials science and engineering in recent years, there are still numerous technological challenges related to developments in these fields.